Here is the full list of all 12 Braid achievements worth 200 gamerscore. It takes around 6-8 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Xbox 360.
Complete a full speed run, beating the challenge time.
Complete the game.
Solved World 5.
Solved World 6.
Traversed World 6.
Traversed World 5.
Solved World 4.
Traversed World 4.
Solved World 3.
Traversed World 3.
Solved World 2.
Traversed World 2.