There are five of these that you need to find. Possible spoilers ahead. These upgrades are loot in destroyed Eyebots.
The first one is after you have ED-E open the door to the reactor. It should be on the ground in the upcoming hallway.
The second one is inside Hopeville Missile Base HQ. When first entering the building go to your left and enter the first door you see. It will be under the desk.
The third is in the Ashton Silo Control Station. Ride down the lift and enter the door, in the new area you just entered go to your right and you will be in a room with a huge crater in the center. Open the locked door next to the terminal and the eyebot will be on the ground.
The fourth is inside the Municipal Sewers. After exiting Sunstone Tower make your way to the ground floor. Once on the ground head southwest following your compass. You should see a warhead blocking the path. After making it explode you will see a torn down building which is the Third Street Municipal Building. You will also see an entrance to the sewers, keep following the path until you enter a room with Tunnelers. You will see the eyebot on the ground.
Alternatively fast travel to the Cave of Abaddon exit the building back outside and keep traveling between South and South West on your compass until you reach the building. If you haven't discovered the Third Street Municipal Building you're in the wrong building.
For the fifth one exit the sewers from the way you entered. Face north from the Municipal building you should see two warheads: one blocking the Cave of the Abaddon and the other to your right. When you blow up the warhead on to your right you should see an open pipe and to your left you will see the last eyebot.
If you already destroyed the warhead and missed the ED-E upgrade fast travel once again to the Cave of Abaddon and turn back outside. You should see a fallen sign with red letters to your left. Climb up the debris to find it. If you crossed two electric posts you've gone too far (again these posts are to your left).
Hope this helps! If you need anymore clarification on any of the upgrade locations comment and I'll try my best to fix my descriptions.