After several attempts, I finally defeated Miraak today. Here's a video that shows my battle:
- Change game difficult to novice;
- Equip FLAMES (destruction) on both hands;
- Attack Miraak only with that magic since the momment you face him;
- Do not attack the dragons, let him absorb them whem he gets weak.
If you damage him too much the glitch will happen. So using a weak attack should solve the problem.
To make my life easier, when I defeated him I used items and armor pieces to reduce destruction spells in 100%.
Good luck.