This would most likely come through natural gameplay, but I earned it early on when you first enter the Vavilov Complex. When the cutscene ends you will be in a broken elevator, climb out and to the right you will see a damaged robot trying to fix its leg. It cannot hurt you, but if you kill it you get the option to collect components from its torso and this will gain you 4% towards this achievement. Simply reload the last checkpoint and rinse and repeat.
If you feel like it, you can also make progress towards in this area by turning around after you kill the robot and climbing up the two objects into the tunnel. Halfway through the tunnel you will come to a valve on the floor which you need to make progress in the level. Near this is a stopwatch which is a Chirper and will get you 1% towards this achievement, although it seems that this is a mistake as there is an achievement for finding all Chirpers that doesn't appear to work correctly and it may be triggering this achievement instead, so this may be fixed in the future.The above has already been patched, however, you can make progress towards
in this area by turning around after you kill the robot and climbing up the two objects into the tunnel. Halfway through the tunnel you will come to a valve on the floor which you need to make progress in the level. Near this is a stopwatch which is a Chirper and will get you 1% towards this achievement as well.