Fastest way to do this will be to build Extractors to mine resources for you while you are playing the game.
Make sure you build your outpost on a resource vein (use scanner to check if you are over one) then place your outpost.
Build an extractor for the resource you are mining. Make sure you build a power source in your outpost as the extractor requires 5 power to run.
Connect the extractor to a storage container so you don't have to come back and gather the resources every time it is full. Make sure to connect the extractor to the storage container.
I had two extractors connected to a storage container and it filled up the storage container with about 120 lead in about an hour. If all you care about is the achievement simply take the resource out of the container when it is full and drop it on the ground. If you want to save the resource build a transfer container & a landing pad and you can transfer the resources from your container to your ship.
Once the extractors have farmed 500 resources the achievement will unlock. Mine unlocked while I was doing other things.