The Tapetum Lucidum badge is for "Using Night vision for 10 hours (36000 seconds)"
This is cumulative and carries across trials. The only real restriction here is battery life. There are perks (prescriptions) that will improve battery life/battery recovery, so I recommend specing into these as you progress and then farming it by using it all and restarting a trial.
Also two handy things to note:
1. The in-game badge menu tracks your progress.
2. Leaving a trial after gaining progress still counts towards it.
Video guide for reference: