Here is the full list of all 12 From Dust achievements worth 200 gamerscore. It takes around 10-12 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Xbox 360.
Create the Breath of the elements
Complete the Wildfires territory
Complete the Movements territory
Create a sanctuary for the tribe
Finish the story mode without losing more than 5 villages
Complete the Memory of the tribe
Cover each territory with vegetation
Complete every challenge
Complete every challenge, every territory, the Memory and every secondary objective
Absorb a massive amount of lava during the game
Use the powers of the Breath 100 times
Uproot and replant 100 trees during the game